Amir Timur

Timur, first of the house of Timur and the great-great-great grandfather of Badshah Babur, was an undefeated Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia. Born in Transoxania in the Chagatai Khanate he became the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. The house of Timur broke into several smaller Kingdoms ruled by his descendants, the Mughal Kingdom in Hindustan being an exception. The house of Timur finally ended in 1857 when Major Hodson shot in cold blood, two sons and a grandson of Bahadur Shah Zafar II, the last of the Mughal Emperors. While he was a great patron of art and architecture he was also known for brutalities against foes who did not submit. The last of the nomadic conquerors of the Eurasian steppes, he set the stage for lasting Islamic gunpowder empires which shocked the armies of the Delhi Sultanate under Mohammad Bin Tuglaq and brought the mighty Ottomans to their knees. His tomb in Samarkand was opened by a Soviet anthropologist Mikhail Gerasimov in 1942. The inscription on the tomb read– "When I rise from the dead, the world shall tremble."

Inside the casket a second inscription was found warning, "Whomsoever opens my tomb shall unleash an invader more terrible than I." Three days after Gerasimov began the exhumation, Adolf Hitler invaded the Soviet Union. Timur was re-buried with full Islamic ritual in November 1942 just before the Soviet victory at Stalingrad. This last bit may or may not be a fabrication but its still an urban legend that I find very interesting. The present painting shows Timur standing in his battle armour holding a spear. It is said to have been made in Jaipur in 1890 and could be a copy of an earlier painting. It is currently in custody of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. The artist unfortunately is unknown.

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